Essential aspects of the learning process(Mowley)

Motivation. An organism is constantly being bombarded by a lot of stimulus from the environment. One's response to any stimulus is directly proportional to the relative strength of one's motive.
 
Goal. Behavior, being purposive, is oriented towards a goal. What determines whether or not a person will strive towards a goal. What determines whether or not a person will strive towards a goal is the perceived probability of success.

Readiness - depends on training, experience and heredity. It is rated according to:

• Physiological factors - maturation of sense organs.
• Psychological factors - motives, emotional factors, self-concept.
• Experiential factors - previously learned skills, concepts.

Obstacle. The presence of obstacles in an occasion for learning new modes of adjustment; it is a hindrance, or deterrence that challenges the learner.

Responses are actions or behavioral tendencies according to one's interpretation of the situation. It may take the form of a direct attack or a form in a circumventing manner, what we call going around the bush.